Matsuyama Castle

What to know

Matsuyama Castle (松山城, Matsuyamajō) is one of Japan's twelve "original castles", meaning it survived the post-feudal era after 1868 intact. It is also one of the most complex and interesting castles in the country. Perched on Mount Katsuyama, a steep hill in the city center, it offers panoramic views of Matsuyama and the Seto Inland Sea. With about 200 cherry trees on the grounds, it is a lovely cherry blossom spot, typically blooming from late March to early April.

Construction of Matsuyama Castle took place between 1602 and 1628. In 1635, it was assigned to a branch of the Matsudaira family, relatives of the ruling Tokugawa clan, and remained in their hands until the end of the feudal era. The current three-story castle tower was built in 1820 after the original five-story one was struck by lightning.

Matsuyama Castle is an excellent example of a feudal castle. The main circle of defense (Honmaru) sits atop the hill, accessible through multiple well-guarded gates. The main keep is one of only a few in Japan with multiple wings. The complex also includes a secondary keep and several turrets, giving the castle a grand appearance and making it fascinating to explore. Inside, exhibits provide information on Matsuyama's history and the feudal period.

Despite its steep hilltop location, a ropeway and chairlift make the castle easily accessible. Riding the single-chair chairlift is a pleasant and popular way to ascend Mount Katsuyama. Alternatively, you can hike up the hill in about 15 minutes from the base of the ropeway station or from Ninomaru Garden.

Ninomaru Garden lies at the southern base of Mount Katsuyama and occupies the former site of the second circle of defense (Ninomaru). More easily accessible from the city than the Honmaru at the top, the Ninomaru once housed the castle palace, where the lord's residence and offices were located.

None of the palace buildings survive today. Instead, Ninomaru has been converted into a park that preserves the floor plan and layout of the former palace with elevated foundations, green spaces, and ponds.