Hikone Castle

What to know

Completed in 1622 after 20 years of construction, Hikone Castle (彦根城, Hikonejō) sits atop a hill and served as the seat of the Ii clan until the end of the feudal era in 1868.

Hikone Castle is an original castle, meaning its keep has survived intact since the feudal period. In addition to the main keep, most of the inner moats, walls, guardhouses, and gates remain. Parts of the palace buildings have also been reconstructed, offering visitors a glimpse of a relatively complete Japanese feudal castle.

The three-story keep is small but features a unique blend of architectural styles. This is one reason it has been designated a national treasure—the highest cultural property designation in Japan—shared by only four other castle keeps: Himeji, Matsumoto, Inuyama, and Matsue. Climbing the steep interior stairs to the top floor rewards visitors with panoramic views of the castle grounds and city.

The approach to the hilltop keep is also noteworthy. It includes a spiral ramp leading to a wooden bridge that could be easily destroyed in an attack. Several turrets are open for interior inspection, and a large bell still rings several times daily to mark the time. A large storehouse and horse stable stand near the main gate.

At the base of the castle hill, the Hikone Castle Museum features a partial reconstruction of the former palace buildings. These structures, including tatami rooms, corridors, and gardens, served as the lords' government offices and were meticulously reconstructed in the 1980s based on excavations. Exhibition rooms display the clan's treasures, such as arms, armor, kimono, musical instruments, and documents.

Like many Japanese castles, Hikone's grounds become a popular cherry blossom spot in spring. The trees usually reach full bloom about a week later than nearby Kyoto, typically in early to mid-April. While not a cherry blossom spot, Genkyuen Garden at the base of the castle, just outside the inner moat, offers considerable scenic beauty.